高耸桥墩保护性爆破拆除关键技术

为解决高耸钢砼桥墩上部倾斜导致的工程质量不合格问题,采用保护性控制爆破将上部倾斜部分钢砼桥墩予以拆除,同时保留下部未偏斜部分桥墩不受破坏。采用开设组合形状切口,预开定向窗、导向窗;设置组合高差卸荷槽,预伤钢筋弱化抗压抗拉能力为关键措施的控制爆破方案。方案实施取得了十分满意的效果,上部拟拆除部分桥墩顺利倾倒下坠,下部保留部分桥墩完好无损。采用保护性控制爆破技术能高效、安全地解决类似高耸钢砼桥墩(构筑物)部分拆除、部分保留利用的问题,并能取得可观的经济、社会效益。     

Microstructure–mechanical property relationship in an Al–Mg alloy processed by constrained groove pressing-cross route

The constrained groove pressing-cross route process was implemented on a commercially annealed AA5052 alloy at room temperature, with up to two passes (strain of ～4.64) along the rolling direction and transverse direction. The results showed the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure with an average sub-grain/cell size in the 300–500?nm range. The indentation hardness and tensile strength increased significantly, up to ～75 and 105%, respectively, and became more homogenous with a uniform and isotropic trend, as compared to the annealed alloy. According to the Hall–Petch and Taylor models used, grain refinement and increasing dislocation density were proposed as the main strengthening mechanisms. Fractographic studies revealed a ductile-fracture behaviour, with a dimpled structure proportional to the UFG structure.     

微观表面形貌对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响

为探索微观表面形貌对液膜密封空化的影响,基于满足质量守恒的JFO空化模型及坐标变换,建立考虑微观表面形貌的双坝区螺旋槽液膜密封数学模型;采用有限体积法离散求解控制方程,综合分析表面粗糙度、周向波度和径向锥度对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响规律。结果表明:相比而言,密封面计入微观表面形貌后,摩擦副液膜中空穴区发生位置分散且形状不规则;以空化面积比为判据,较大表面粗糙度对液膜空化促生虽起到积极作用,但数据较小,可忽略不计;锥度对液膜中空穴促生和抑制影响有限,波幅的增加显著促进液膜中空穴的发生;高频波数时,正锥度有利于降低液膜空化面积比,抑制空穴。     

前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁性能的影响

通过切削力、磨损和冲击切削试验,研究了前刀面槽型结构对D型刀片车削球墨铸铁切削性能的影响。试验结果显示,刀具的第一前角对切削力的影响最大;在10°~15°范围内,刀具前角越大,切削力越低;棱带宽度大的刀片具有更加优异的耐磨损性能;具有正刃倾角的刀片显示出更优异的耐冲击性能。     

Influence of the rigidity of the steroid core in the structure of chiral dopants on the temperature dependence of cholesteric short pitch

New chiral compounds of the steroid type, namely, 3-alkanoyl- and 3-alkyl derivatives of 16-arylidene estrone, were synthesized and exhibited high helical twisting power (HTP) in nematic liquid crystals E63 and LC-1289. The peculiarities of the molecular structure of chiral compounds (CCs) and their high degree of chirality were discussed. Quite small concentrations of chiral compounds in both nematic solvents were needed to obtain a short-pitch cholesteric helical macrostructure with the selective light reflection in the visible range of the spectrum. The insignificant temperature dependence of the maximum wavelength of the selective light reflection obtained on the whole cholesteric range for all studied liquid crystalline (LC) systems could be related to relatively rigid molecular structure of the chiral compounds. The cholesteric LC mixtures comprising 3-alkanoyl- and 3-alkyl derivatives of 16-arylidene estrone were characterized by the phase stability and the stability of reflective characteristics in time that makes it possible to consider this series of dopants as appropriate for development of bistable cholesteric reflective LC displays.     

Preparation and Applications of Chiral Polymeric Particles

Chiral polymeric particles (CPPs) have been gathering increasing interest as typical functional polymeric particles in recent decades. This article presents a review on the preparation and applications of CPPs. The methods for preparing CPPs are classified into two major groups: The first one is the direct polymerization of monomers and the other is the post-treatment of preformed polymers. CPPs have been explored as a unique type of chiral materials in various fields like asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective release, enantioselective crystallization, and enantioseparation. This review article is expected to accelerate the progress of scientific research dealing with CPPs and their applications in chirality-related fields.     

横向间断肋条湍流减阻大涡模拟分析

目的 通过改变肋条结构，提高传统肋条的减阻效果。方法 基于Walsh肋条减阻实验，利用LES理论的WALE模型以及PISO算法，对传统连续肋条及新型间断肋条进行了仿真模拟计算，其中梯度求解基于Green-Gauss节点格式，压力求解采用二阶格式，动量方程求解采用中心差分格式，时间离散采用二阶隐式格式。通过对比分析两种不同肋条结构流场湍流流动的细节及肋条的减阻率，探究新型肋条结构的减阻作用和机理。结果 LES方法准确地再现了Wlash实验的流场细节及计算结果，相同计算条件下，传统连续肋条表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率均为4.641%，而新型间断肋条表面摩擦减阻与黏性减阻率高达9.317%和6.306%。结论 新型间断肋条相较于传统连续肋条的表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率皆得到了较大的提升。新型间断肋条具有较高的减阻率是由于横向肋条阻断作用使得大涡旋受到抑制而分裂成较小的涡旋，降低了近壁面流体的流速，减弱了湍流扰动对流体的影响，使低速流体更加稳定的发展。     

尿素高压设备检漏结构设计

尿素高压设备的检漏结构是实时监测介质是否泄露的基本功能单元。高压设备壳体通常采用单层碳钢或多层包扎内衬耐腐蚀性材料的结构,本文依据设备承压壳体不同的结构形式,详细介绍尿素高压设备检漏系统中检漏槽、检漏孔的结构差异和设计制造的特点,作为尿素高压设备检漏结构的设计参考。     

管电极电解铣削深窄槽流场研究

针对封闭深窄盲槽结构的加工难点,提出了一种管电极电解铣削加工工艺。通过仿真软件对电解铣削过程中的流场进行建模仿真,利用高速摄影仪观测流场分析该方法的可行性。采用外径0.8 mm的管电极在不锈钢上进行电解铣削加工深窄槽试验,研究电解液压强对深窄槽轮廓精度的影响规律,成功加工出槽宽(1±0.05)mm、槽深(2.5±0.05)mm的高精度、侧壁陡直的封闭深窄盲槽。     

刮板输送机挡板槽帮减重及有限元分析

针对刮板输送机挡板槽帮进行减重,并基于ANSYS Workbench研究了减重前后挡板槽帮的应力状态,对在同等载荷下的应力分布进行了对比,从而确定了改进后挡板槽帮可代替原有挡板槽帮,并且达到减重、降成本的目的。